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| ORO.FTL.225 | ORO.FTL.235 |
If an operator assigns crew members to reserve, the following requirements shall apply in accordance with the certification specifications applicable to the type of operation:
(a) reserve shall be in the roster;
(b) flight time specification schemes shall specify the following elements:
(1) the maximum duration of any single reserve period;
(2) the number of consecutive reserve days that may be assigned to a crew member.
Understanding EASA ORO.FTL 2016 
Please can you clarify if the minimum rest period following a previous duty or FDP needs to be taken before starting a period of Reserve ? I assume so but it’s not explicitly stated anywhere.
Thanks
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JRB,
You asked the following:
Please can you clarify if the minimum rest period following a previous duty or FDP needs to be taken before starting a period of Reserve ? I assume so but it’s not explicitly stated anywhere.
Reserve is governed under ORO.FTL.230.
Reserve is not rest, it is a period where a crew member is available to be contacted by the airline to receive an assignment for flight duty. Part of the requirements for reserve is that the Certification Schemes must define maximum time on and single reserve as well as a maximum number of consecutive days a crew member may be assigned to Reserve. A Reserve Period must also protect a period of time to permit for an 8:00 sleep opportunity, as well as consider the placement of Recurrent Extended Recovery Rest Periods.
When a crew member is assigned to any Duty during the Reserve, that crew member must be given at least 10:00 notification before the start of the assigned duty.
A notification period may not always be considered as a rest period, especially if it is short, but long periods may qualify as a crew member may be able to plan his/her sleep in relation to the duty assigned.
“rest period” means a continuous, uninterrupted and defined period of time, following duty or prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties, standby and reserve;
As the time of notification is not a pre-planned (defined) period of time; a crew member may have difficulty actually getting sleep depending on when he/she had the last sleep period.
Now as we turn to the Rest Period required after the previous duty, the minimum rest period at base is 12:00 (ORO.FTL.235 (a)(1)) Obviously 10:00 notification would not meet this requirement so the only place where the required rest period may be placed it before starting the series Reserve Assignment(s).
In short, I agree with your assumption. Most airlines are just simply assigning the required rest periods as soon as possible to just “get it out of the way”.
Your airline may have different opinions so check your OM and with officials at your company.
/Garret
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Hi,
How is reserve different from standby?
Regards
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ORO.FTL.105 provides the following Definitions:
(20) “reserve” means a period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for an FDP, positioning or other duty notified at least 10 hours in advance;
(25) “standby” means a pre-notified and defined period of time during which a crew member is required by the operator to be available to receive an assignment for a flight, positioning or other duty without an intervening rest period;
(26) “airport standby” means a standby performed at the airport;
(27) “other standby” means a standby either at home or in a suitable accommodation
So, while a crew member (CM) is on reserve and receives an assignment to perform duty or standby, the CM must be provided a minimum of 10:00 notification before the start of assignment. The time of notification is not considered duty and may be considered as rest.
CM on Reserve must follow the provisions in ORO.FTL.230, while a CM on Standby must follow the provisions in ORO.FTL.225.
/Garret
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Hi,
Is it alowed by company to change from reserve to sby each reserve day one by one??
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Peter, I believe that my previous answer already addressed this. The airline may re-assign a crew member from one set of duties to another set of duties, provided sufficient notification has been provided and all remaining provisions from ORO.FTL have been complied with. If the crew member is covered by a CBA, additional restrictions may apply. I suggest you check the OM, and CBA and ask the Airline for additional clarification.
/Garret
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Hi,
Is Reserve a duty ? Yes or no ?
Does it count for 7/14/28/365 days Duty time limitations ?
Thank you for your help.
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Hi,
What is « working hours » ?
Is Reserve a working time for EASA FTL ?
Why mentioning yearly limit of 2000 hours for working time and not duty time ? What is the difference ?
Thank you.
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Does the sleep opportunity always have to start from midnight until 8 am?
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No,
A rest period may start and end at any time of the day.
A Rest period must follow the provisions found in ORO.FTL.235 and CS FTL.1.235.
The smallest rest period is 10:00 (ORO.FTL.235(b) refers.)
Under some circumstances, a rest period must include a Local Nights Rest (LNR), CS FTL.1.235(a)(1).
A LNR includes 8:00, between the hours of 22:00 and 08:00. so a LNR may begin no later than 00:00, and it may end no earlier than 06:00.
For example, a rest period starting at 19:00 that requires a LNR must have a duration of 11:00 = span of time from 19:00 to 06:00.
I hope this helps.
/Garret
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Thank you for the answer.
How is it, when it comes to a reserve. Can a reserve start at 22:00 (let’s say i have my Day OFF) until 06:00 (working day) becausy nobody can assume that I‘m sleeping at 22:00 on my Day OFF. Therefore i was wondering if a reserve doese have to start from midnight (00:00) for 8 consecutiy hours (until 08:00)
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Reserve (RSV) is defined in ORO.FTL.105(20) and further regulated under ORO.FTL.230 and CS FTL.1.230.
RSVis basically a period when the airline may contact a crew member regarding notification of duty assignments.
Part of the provisions requires that a period of 8:00 Sleep Opportunity (SO) be provided CS FTL.1.230(d), under this provision it should be clear to both the operator as well as the CM as to WHEN the CM will be expected to take advantage of that SO. Like a rest period, the SO should be prospective in nature.
Understanding that a crew member (CM) will normally maintain typical sleep/awake pattern while assigned to RSV is to limit contact during periods of normal sleep, but the airline may contact the CM at any time. Since a CM may be contacted at anytime of the RSV, the entire period is not considered to be rest; even if not contacted.
Once Contacted (Notified), the earliest the duty assignment may begin is no less than 10:00 after the time of contact, During those 10:00, the CM may get some more sleep as well as prepare and travel to report for the duty assigned.
So a RSV may begin at any time of the day. During each 24:00 of Reserve, the CM should have a 8:00 SO contained within that same period.
Examples:
RSV 18:00 day 1 to 17:59 day 2 with a SO 23:00 day 1 to 07:00 day 2.
RSV 00:00 day 1 to 23:59 day 1 with a SO 00:30 day 1 to 08:30 day 1.
RSV 00:00 day 1 to 23:59 day 1 with a SO 15:00 day 1 to 23:00 day 1.
/Garret
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ORO.FTL.235 Rest periods
(a) Minimum rest period at home base.
(1) The minimum rest period provided before undertaking an FDP starting at home base shall be at least as long as the preceding duty period, or 12 hours, whichever is greater.
ORO.FTL.105 Definitions
(21) ‘rest period’ means a continuous, uninterrupted and defined period of time, following duty or
prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties, standby and reserve.
CS FTL.1.230 Reserve
(b) Reserve times do not count as duty period for the purpose of ORO.FTL.210 and ORO.FTL.235.
Let’s have this example :
D1: Reserve from 14h to 23h
D2: Flight from 6h to 13h
Is this roster legal ?
I am confused because preflight rest spans from 18h (D1) to 6h (D2), but it is stated that rest periods shall not include rest period.
But it is also stated in EASA FAQ that “That means that there is no requirement for a minimum rest period after reserve if no duty has been assigned.
I find these statements contradictory.
Could you please explain ?
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If I understand you example properly:
D1: Reserve (RSV) from 14h to 23h
Crew member (CM) is then notified at/before 18h D1 to report for
D2: Flight from 6h to 13h
So at 18h the RSV has ended and the CM is now on a rest period,
A RSV is not considered as rest, since during the times while on RSV the CM may be contacted. So, all time during which a CM serves as a RSV is not to be applied towards and rest requirement under ORO.FTL.235.
A RSV is also not considered as duty, as the CM may be at any location of his/her choosing and the only responsibility is to respond to contact; the time served as RSV is not applied towards the cumulative duty limits ORO.FTL.210.
A CM may only be contacted during the times while on RSV (14h to 23h as per your example), times outside the RSV are considered as rest.
A CM should also be provided for every day while on reserve a period of 8h sleep opportunity CS FTL.1.230 (d).
In short, according to your example, the roster seems legal, however if the CM was notified to report for the assignment after 20h that would not be legal as the stipulated minimum time of notification is 10h (GM2 CS FTL.1.230)
/Garret
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Hi!
If company put Reserve on roster, but if there’s no call up, can they count it as Day Off?
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I assume you are discussing Extended Recurrent Rest Periods (ERRP) ORO.FTL.235(d) which requires a rest period of 36:00 with 2 local nights that may not be separated by more than 168:00.
A rest period is a continuous period that is prospectively scheduled (known in advance to the crew member) (ORO.FTL.105 refers):
(21) “rest period” means a continuous, uninterrupted and defined period of time, following duty or prior to duty, during which a crew member is free of all duties, standby and reserve;
Since a crew member (CM) is assigned to reserve, they cannot be on rest; as the definitions prohibit it.
Should the CM be notified before the start of a 36:00/2 lcl night period that they roster has been revised to indicate that the CM is no longer on reserve but is on a ERRP that would be legal. A retroactive change is not permitted as per the guidance material:
GM1 ORO.FTL.230(a) Reserve
ROSTERING OF RESERVE
Including reserve in a roster , also referred to as ‘rostering’, implies that a reserve period that does not result in a duty period may not retrospectively be considered as part of a recurrent extended recovery rest period.
Should you be discussing ‘Days off’ as required under Council Directive 2000/79/EC; these are local laws not EASA ORO.FTL.
While the concept is similar you should check with your airline / local CAA for further guidance. My experience is that most airlines consider them the same.
I hope this aids you in your understanding.
/Garret
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